The burned-out Memphis cop named Turner who sought refuge from his demons as a rural sheriff's deputy in James Sallis's 'Cypress Grove' is still a long way from being socialized in Cripple Creek. But he's now admitting visitors to his cabin in the woods, and when a mobster blows in from the city to spring a confederate from the local jail, Turner is mad enough to take his grievance straight back to Memphis. "Figure they can do whatever they want out here on the edge, I'm thinking," he says, in the spare but eloquent idiom that pegs him — along with this superior series — as a keeper.

Marilyn Stasio, New York Times

LITERATURE, James Sallis once observed, "is not some imposing sideboard with discrete drawers labeled poetry, mystery, serious novel, science fiction — but a long buffet table laid out with all manner of fine, diverse foods. You go back and forth, take what you want or need."

This is exactly what Sallis has done in a career that now spans three decades and has resulted in nearly two dozen books. He has grazed liberally across the literary buffet, mixing his interests, putting a little of this with a little of that and relishing the results. As an editor, critic, poet, essayist, translator, biographer and novelist, he has assembled some fine, diverse feasts. The question is: Why don't more people know his name? Could it be that he's viewed primarily as a mystery writer — the literary equivalent of being from the wrong side of the tracks?

Sallis, a Southerner who now lives in Phoenix, is best known for his series of six crime novels set in New Orleans — "The Long-Legged Fly," "Moth," "Black Hornet," "Eye of the Cricket," "Bluebottle," and "Ghost of a Flea" — all of which feature a black detective named Lew Griffin. He finished writing the Griffin books in the late 1990s and in 2003 started a new series with the novel "Cypress Grove," set in rural Tennessee and featuring a white detective named Turner. The second Turner novel, "Cripple Creek," has just been published, and it affords an opportunity to take a look at the long career of this remarkable writer.

Sallis has published story collections, as well as volumes of poetry, essays and books on music and writing, and reviews (for this paper, among others). He translated Raymond Queneau's "Saint Glinglin" and wrote a highly praised biography of Chester Himes, one of his literary heroes. Just last year, Poisoned Pen Press issued his slim novel, "Drive," which one critic called a perfect piece of noir fiction and which earned him comparisons to Raymond Chandler. With the exception perhaps of Walter Mosley, I can think of no other writer — especially a so-called crime writer — who ranges so freely in his work and makes social and racial concerns ("this unspoken apartheid we live with still," as Sallis puts it) so central to his fictive worlds.

Like Mosley's hero Easy Rawlins, Lew Griffin is acutely aware of being a black man in a white world. You can read the Griffin novels and come away convinced that the author is African American, though Sallis is in fact white. He can then turn the tables and create a hero like Turner — an older white detective, retired from an urban police force, who just wants to be left alone in his cabin in the woods. Black, white, urban, rural: It's as if a kind of primordial American consciousness, split long ago along racial and geographical divides, had been united and found voice in a single author.

The strange thing is that, aside from the color of their skin and the difference in their ages, Griffin and Turner seem like pretty much the same man.

Griffin is a lover of books. The New Orleans novels are packed with literary allusions. The first dozen pages of "Bluebottle," for instance, feature references to Emily Dickinson, Sartre, Dostoevsky, Dickens, Blaise Cendrars and Longfellow — the list goes on. Sometimes writers even become characters, as Himes does in "Black Hornet," delivering a lecture on how blacks have been turned against themselves in 20th century America to become their own worst enemies.

In the new series, Turner also quotes writers, but his real passion is reserved for music, from the Carter Family to Blind Willie McTell. He's a troubled man, a Vietnam vet with a failed marriage and two children he's lost track of, one of whom turns up unexpectedly in "Cripple Creek." Turner has also served time for killing his partner on the Memphis police force during a domestic dispute. Jailed for eight years, he studied for a degree in psychology while behind bars and later worked as a therapist until he decided to give it all up and retire to the woods.

Unlike Chandler's Philip Marlowe, who had a confused and sometimes even savage reaction to women (more often than not the killers in his stories), Sallis' heroes form loving if somewhat tentative relationships. But just as Griffin and Turner seem to share many traits, the women they love also resemble one another. This isn't so much a fault as an observation; there's a refreshing tenderness in these books that gives the lie to the idea that hard-boiled fiction requires emotionally distant men.

In "Cripple Creek," Turner is in love with Val, a woman who works as an attorney for the state and is also a musician. They spend their evenings together drinking wine, eating fried squirrel and listening to music on the porch of Turner's cabin. Steamy sex is downplayed in favor of loving friendship. The plot centers on a routine traffic stop gone bad; when the driver turns out to have a large amount of cash in his trunk, he's jailed, but his friends arrive to break him out and the sheriff and his assistant are beaten in the process. Turner, the acting assistant sheriff, traces the problem to a crime syndicate in Memphis and heads to the city to deliver his message: Keep your rotten business out of our town. But he's not so successful. One after another, the thugs and hit men keep turning up, intent on silencing him and his investigation.

Just as we don't really read Chandler for his plots, story is only half the draw of a Sallis novel. Like Chandler, Sallis creates wonderful characters and a vivid sense of atmosphere. To read his New Orleans books, written long before Hurricane Katrina, is to be struck by the city's already decaying fabric. "New Orleans," he writes in "Bluebottle," "is riddled with these inexplicable lapses: you'll have whole blocks or sections abandoned, boarded up or kicked in, then right next to it everything's fine." It's a place of contradiction, "[t]wo diminutive humpback bridges Huey Long might have left behind ... [s]ome caved-in barbecue joints and the like, one or two corner stores still doing business behind thick plywood instead of windows, a service station halfheartedly resurrected as God's Truth church." A landscape, in other words, that a noir writer can really do something with.

But Sallis is good on other places too. In "Drive" — the story of a stunt driver who turns to driving getaway cars — Sallis gets how, in Los Angeles, "[e]ach evening, light flattened itself against the horizon trying heroically to hang on, then was gone." He can portray the demotic bustling life of cities as well as the slower rhythms of a small Southern town, where all the women are called "Miss," no matter how old. In either place, life is by definition full of upset, movement, agitation — a kind of restlessness that has become endemic to our culture. "Friend of mine claims the story of America is all about the advancing frontier," the hero of "Drive" says toward the end of the book. "Push through to the end of it, he says, which is what we've done here at land's end, there's nothing left, the worm starts eating its own tail."

As a tool of social conscience, the mystery occupies a unique place in literature. In an essay about Mexican writer Paco Ignacio Taibo II, Sallis puts it this way: "[T]he crime novel gives space and opportunity to address contemporary society as does no other venue, to recreate the actual textures and presence of street life and social levels ... the flux of assumption and disinformation that keeps the social order afloat, the rifts between reality and appearance that both the individual and society must negotiate again and again."

This seems truer now than it ever did. When you consider what's happening in the world, Sallis notes in "Cripple Creek," "[y]ou get to wishing you could go for a swim, wipe it all away." He knows that what you see "gets in your head like some kind of parasite and won't turn loose, it just keeps biting you, feeding on you." The solution, he suggests, is not to despair but to engage the world ever more fully; the concept of giving back to society becomes a theme throughout his books.

Reading Sallis, we can't help but be aware of the intelligence behind the work, as well as how much reading he has done in his life. He's an erudite man, and this informs the work at the deepest level. For him, reading is the most subversive activity in life: "Open any true book," he has written, "and you begin to see the world through somebody else's eyes. Nothing is more redeeming than that, or more dangerous."

Mystery is not a subgenre to him, but rather a finely shaped container to be filled with all the tender morsels of his imagination — those fine literary foods of which he speaks. Like Mosley, whose most engaging novels are still the Easy Rawlins books, Sallis is most successful when telling stories about cops and crooks. Yet who can blame him for wanting to flex different literary muscles? The amazing thing about Sallis is the way he continues to mine a genre for all its possibilities.

He seems to have adopted an attitude toward mysteries very much like the one Chandler eventually did. Early on, Chandler longed to write literary fiction, to try different forms and avoid getting stuck. In 1939, the year he published his first novel, "The Big Sleep," he had his wife, Cissy, type into a notebook his plans for the future. He wanted to write a dramatic novel, as well as six or seven fantastic stories — an ironic tale, a spooky story, a farcical tale, even a pure fairy tale, as well as three more detective novels to be written over the next two years.

At the end of this list, Cissy added a comment, using her nickname for him. "Dear Raymio," she wrote, "you'll have fun looking at this maybe, and seeing what useless dreams you had. Or perhaps it will not be fun." Chandler responded to her comment several times over the next few years. "It was not," he wrote a year later. A few months after that, he reaffirmed this feeling with one word: "Check." In another nine months, he wrote, "Double Check," and three years later, "God help us."

But by the time he made his last notation, dated almost five years later, he had changed his mind. "Yes it was [fun]," he wrote, "because I had now achieved it, although not with these stories." He put his trust in the mystery novel, and to the end of his life it served him very well. It appears to be doing the same for Sallis, who is one of our finest existential novelists. In a world beset by violence, he reminds us of what it is to be a human being. •

From Cripple Creek:

'Just inside the city limits, I stopped at Momma's Cafι for coffee and a burger. Place was all but hidden behind a thicket of service trucks and hard-ridden pickups. Even here in the South, central cities become ever more homogeneous, one long stuttering chain of McDonald's and KFC and Denny's, while local cafιs and restaurants cling to the outskirts as though thrown there by centrifugal force. Nowadays I find I have to lower myself into the city environment, any city environment, by degrees, like a diver with bends coming up — but I'm going down. And Momma's was just right for it.'

Judith Freeman, Los Angeles Times

The burned-out Memphis cop named Turner who sought refuge from his demons as a rural sheriff's deputy in James Sallis's "Cypress Grove" is still a long way from being socialized in Cripple Creek. But he's now admitting visitors to his cabin in the woods, and when a mobster blows in from the city to spring a confederate from the local jail, Turner is mad enough to take his grievance straight back to Memphis. "Figure they can do whatever they want out here on the edge, I'm thinking," he says, in the spare but eloquent idiom that pegs him — along with this superior series — as a keeper.

Marilyn Stasio, New York Times

This is the second in James Sallis' series of detective novels featuring Turner, a streetwise cop in the Deep South with an unusual past that includes spells in prison.

He has taken a job as a sheriff's deputy in a quiet backwater, but when a prisoner with a mysterious haul of cash is sprung from jail and two of his colleagues are viciously assaulted, he's drawn back to the big, bad city in the quest for answers and retribution. The brooding atmosphere and depth of characterisation mark this as superior mystery fare, but the prose is so stripped and understated that at times I found it hard to follow the plot.

Simon Shaw, Mail on Sunday

Sallis is really on a roll. Last October saw the arrival of his dynamite noir novella Drive, and now we have the superb second entry in his new Turner series.

As this tale opens, Turner, ex-cop, ex-con, and ex-psychotherapist, remains on the lam in rural Cypress Grove, Tennessee, escaping the demons of past lives in Memphis, but he is starting to mend. There's a developing relationship with Val Bjorn, teacher and country musician; there's the appearance of his daughter from Seattle; and there's the fact that he has come out of hibernation to accept the job as deputy sheriff of Cypress Grove. Then his boss, the kindly sheriff, is assaulted by a gang of mobbed-up toughs in theact of breaking one of their own out of the small-town jail. Turner pursues the thugs to Memphis, confronting his past and giving vent to his suppressed blood lust. Every action prompts a reaction, however, and soon the thugs return to Cypress Grove looking for some blood of their own.

Sallis tells the violent tale quietly, effectively using jump cuts, flashbacks, and flashforwards to generate both suspense and, simultaneously, a sense of inevitability. The stunning finale makes clear that Turner has a lot more healing to do. Sallis' Lew Griffin series remains a cult favorite among devoted hard-boiled fans, but don't be surprised if the Turner novels eventually claim pride of place in the author's oeuvre.

Bill Ott, Booklist

Dodging trouble, ex-cop, ex-con J. Turner has run to one of those small towns that time forgot (CYPRESS GROVE, 2003), but trouble finds him, since, as Turner himself likes to say, no one is exempt. When Sheriff Don Lee and Deputy Turner check out the trunk of a spaced-out speeder, they find a stolen $200,000. Soon enough, the rightful owners 'hard cases from Memphis with little interest in finesse' come after it. Gunned down, Sheriff Lee hovers near death and Turner, whose unwritten code is set in stone, sees no choice but retaliation. In Memphis he calls in favors, generates the requisite intelligence, takes out a couple of bad guys, and heads home, confident that the deadly game of vendetta he started will continue till most of the participants have checked out. He™s right, but he™s not entirely prepared for retaliation from his antagonists, people schooled in an old and bloody tradition. They understand that lasting hurt is best derived from collateral damage, and that Turner, formidable though he is, has more vulnerable loved ones.As usual with Sallis, you don't get a lot of plot. What you get instead are characters to engage the mind and heart and some of the most flavorful writing crime fiction has to offer.

Kirkus

This sequel to Cypress Grove updates Turner's life as a deputy sheriff in a rural county south of Memphis and takes another introspective look into the past of this Vietnam veteran, former cop, ex-con, and retired psychiatrist. When a speeding citation escalates into an arrest, a jailbreak, and an attack on the sheriff's staff, Turner follows the fugitive to Memphis, where he offends more than one syndicate boss in his quest for information. Deciding against continuing the pursuit, Turner returns to his job and waits for the fugitive to come to him. Daily life - an extended visit from his long-estranged daughter, the death of a young hippie living in the woods near his home, the end of a friendship that might have become something more - continues as Turner bides his time, reminiscing about the past and dealing with the reality of today. The climax is, in fact, an anticlimax, for Turner's story and not the pursuit of a fugitive is the crux of this novel. Poet and master storyteller Sallis has a wonderful command of the English language, which makes his every book an experience to savor. Highly recommended.

Library Journal

In Sallis's beautifully written second book to feature Turner, an ex-cop and ex-con (after 2004's Cypress Grove), Turner is working as a deputy sheriff in Cripple Creek, Tenn., a small town where crime is minor and strictly local. Then, late one night, Sheriff Don Lee arrests drunk driver Judd Kurtz with $200,000 in a nylon gym bag hidden in the trunk of his car. Kurtz breaks out of the town jail, seriously wounding two officers in the process. Turner's investigation leads him to an organized crime connection in nearby Memphis that enmeshes him in a web of escalating violence.

Sallis's working method is to simply let the cameras roll, depicting the lives of Turner, his banjo-picking girlfriend, his eccentric co-workers and Cripple Creek itself, as everyone goes about their business. Small moments are recorded as faithfully as large, and stories from earlier days mix with the ongoing crimes and misdemeanors of the present. A structural sleight of hand toward the end may at first confuse but is pretty amazing once the reader catches on.

Publishers Weekly

In Sallis's beautifully written second book to feature Turner, an ex-cop and ex-con (after 2004's Cypress Grove), Turner is working as a deputy sheriff in Cripple Creek, Tenn., a small town where crime is minor and strictly local. Then, late one night, Sheriff Don Lee arrests drunk driver Judd Kurtz with $200,000 in a nylon gym bag hidden in the trunk of his car. Kurtz breaks out of the town jail, seriously wounding two officers in the process. Turner's investigation leads him to an organized crime connection in nearby Memphis that enmeshes him in a web of escalating violence.

Sallis's working method is to simply let the cameras roll, depicting the lives of Turner, his banjo-picking girlfriend, his eccentric co-workers and Cripple Creek itself, as everyone goes about their business. Small moments are recorded as faithfully as large, and stories from earlier days mix with the ongoing crimes and misdemeanors of the present. A structural sleight of hand toward the end may at first confuse but is pretty amazing once the reader catches on.

Publishers Weekly